¾¾Ã²»Ë¥µÄÔ¼»áÐĵÃ!(Ïêϸ¡¢¾µä¡¢½áºÏÐÄÀíѧ)
¹Å´úÓõÄÒøƱÔõô·ÀÖ¹×ö¼ÙÄØ£¿
¹Å´úÓõÄÒøƱÔõô·ÀÖ¹×ö¼ÙÄØ£¿
×î¼Ñ´ð°¸
Çå´úÓ¡Ë¢µÄ»§²¿¹ÙƱºÍ´óÇ屦³®£¬¶àΪľ°æ»òÍ°æÓ¡Ë¢£¬ÓëËΡ¢Ôª¡¢Ã÷ʱÏà·Â¡£Æ±Ãæ³ÊÊú·½ÐΣ¬³ß·ù½Ï´ó£¬ËäΪ¶þÉ«»òÈýÉ«Ì×Ó¡£¬µ«É«²Êµ¥µ÷£¬Ó¡Ë¢¼¼Êõ²¢²»¸´ÔÓ¡£Ãñ¼ä¶àÄÜ·ÂÖÆ¡£µ±Ê±µÄ¹Ù¸®¼ÈÒª·ÀÖ¹Ãñ¼äαÔ죬ÓÖÎÞ¼¼Êõ´ëÊ©£¬Ö»ºÃÔÚƱÃæÉϼӸǹٸ®Ó¡¼ø£¬ÓÃÒÔ±£ Ö¤ÐÅÓþºÍÔöÇ¿¿É¿¿ÐÔ¡£ÕâÔÚÖйúÓ¡³®Ê·ÉÏ£¬ÉÐÊôÔçÆÚ¡¢¼òµ¥µÄ·Âα´ëÊ©¡£Óë´Ëͬʱ£¬Õþ¸®»¹Öƶ¨ÁËά»¤³®Æ±ÐÅÓþµÄ·¨ÂÉ£¬Í¨¹ý¶ÔαÔìÕߺͽҷ¢±¨¹ÙÕß½øÐгͷ£ºÍ½±ÀøµÄ·¨ÂÉÌõ¿î£¬À´·ÀÖ¹ºÍÖƲÃαÔìÕߣ¬ÒÔ±£Ö¤³®Æ±µÄÁ÷ͨºÍÐÅÓþ¡£
Çå´úµÄÖ½±Ò£¬³ýÕþ¸®Ó¡·¢µÄ»§²¿¹ÙƱºÍ´óÇ屦³®Ö®Í⣬ÇåÄ©¹Ù˽ÒøÇ®ÐкźÍ˽ӪÒøÇ®µêÒ²ÔÚÓ¡·¢³®Æ±¡£ÆäÖÐ˽ӪÒøÇ®µêÓÖÓÐǮׯ¡¢Ç®ÆÌ¡¢Ç®µê¡¢ÒøºÅµÈ¶àÖÖ³Æν£¬ÊÇÒ»Öֵط½ ÐԵĽðÈÚÐÐÒµ¡£ÆäÒµÎñÖ÷ÒªÊǶһ»ÒøÇ®ºÍÓ¡·¢Ç®Æ±ÒøƱ¡£Æð×ÅÅäºÏÖÆÇ®ºÍÎÆÒø¡¢·¢»ÓÖ§¸¶ÊֶεÄ×÷Óá£Ë½ÈËǮׯӡ·¢µÄÒøǮƱ£¬Ó¡Ë¢ÖÊÁ¿¸üΪ¼òµ¥´Ö²Ú£¬Æ±Ãæ½ð¶îÊý×Ö¶àÓÃÊÖÊéд£¬È± ·¦±ØÒªµÄ·Àα´ëÊ©£¬Ê¹µÃµ±Ê±µÄ±ÒÖƸü¼Ó»ìÂÒ¡£
Çå¹âÐ÷¶þʮһÄê(1895Äê)£¬ÈÕ±¾ÇÖռ̨ÍåÊ¡£¬Öйúפ̨½«ÁìÁõÓÀ¸£Á쵼̨ÍåÈËÃñ·ÜÆð·´¿¹¡£
Æä¼äÔøÔŲ́ÄÏÉèÁ¢¹ÙÒøÇ®×ܾ֣¬·¢ÐÐ̨ÄϹÙÒøƱ£¬Æä¼ÛÖµÓ뵱ʱ̨ÍåͨÐеÄÒøÔªÏàµÈ£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÃÒԳﻮ±øÁ¸¾üâã¬Ö§³ÖµÖ¿¹ÈÕ±¾ÇÖÂÔÕß¡£
Î÷·½ÁÐÇ¿ÔÚ¾üÊÂÈëÇÖµÄͬʱ£¬»¹°ÑÎ÷·½»õ±ÒÁ÷ÈëÖйú£¬²¢ÎªÖйúµÄµØ·½ºÍ˽ÈËÒøºÅÓ¡Ë¢³®Æ± ¡£ËûÃÇÓ¡Ë¢µÄ³®Æ±£¬Òò²ÉÓÃÏȽøµÄ½ü´úÓ¡Ë¢¼¼Êõ£¬Í¼»¾«ÃÀ¡¢Ó¡Öƾ«Á¼£¬´Ó¶øÒýÆðÇåÕþ¸®ÖÐÓÐʶ֮ʿµÄ¹Ø×¢¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇһЩÁ¦Ö÷¸ïеÄÕþ¸®¹ÙÔ±£¬·×·×Òé×೯͢£¬ÒªÇóÕþ¸®Òý½øÎ÷·½ÏȽøµÄÓ¡³®¼¼Êõ£¬ÔÚÖйú·¢ÐÐÖ½±Ò£¬ÒÔÊÊÓ¦µ±Ê±ÇåÕþ¸®µÄ¾¼ÃÐèÒª¡£
¹âÐ÷ÈýÊ®¶þÄê(1906Äê)£¬»§²¿(ºó¸Ä³Æ¶ÈÖ§²¿)ÅÉÔ±¸°ÈÕ±¾¿¼²ìÖ½±ÒÓ¡Ë¢¼¼Êõ£¬²¢ì¶µ±ÄêÈýÔÂÏò³¯Í¢³Ê½»Á˹Ø춽¨Á¢¹Ù·½Ó¡Ë¢¾ÖµÄ×àß¡¡£×àß¡ÖÐ˵£ºÒªÖªÖ½±ÒÔ¼½ÉÌÃñÀû±ã£¬ÊµÎª²ÆÕþÖ®»ú¹Ø£¬¶«Î÷¸÷¹ú춷¢ÐÐÖ½±ÒÒÔ¼°Ò»Çв¾¼®¸÷Ïî¹ÙÖ½£¬·²ÓмÛÖµÕߣ¬½ÔΪÕþ¸®Ö÷ÆäȨ£¬ÑÏ·ÀÃñ¼ä֮˽Ôì¡£³¼²¿¼ÈÕýÖµÕû¶Ù²ÆÕþ֮ʱ£¬¼«Ò˲Î×òÉÈ¡¡¢Í×Ϊ³ï°ì£¬ÒÔÁ¢»ù´¡¡£´Ëºó£¬ì¶1907Ä꿼²ìÈËÔ±»Ø¹úºó£¬ÓÖÔÙ×೯͢ÉèÓ¡Ë¢¾Ö°ì·¨¼°Òâ¼ûÊé¡£´Ëʱ£¬ÇåÕþ¸®ÎªÁËÍì¾ÈΣ»ú¾ÖÃ棬Ҫͳһà÷·¨£¬»»»ØÀûȨ£¬ÒÔ¿ØÖƲÆÕþ¾¼Ã£¬¾Í±ØÐëÓ¡·¢³®Æ±¡£ÁíÍ⣬´ËʱÖйú¹¤ÉÌÒµÒÑ»ñ³õ²½·¢Õ¹£¬¹úÄÚÍâóÒ×ÈÕÒæÔö¶à£¬Öйú¾ÉʽÒøÔª¡¢ÒøÁ½ºÍÇåÕþ¸®Ó¡·¢µÄÀÏʽ³®Æ±£¬ÒѲ»ÄÜÊÊÓ¦µ±Ê±Á÷ͨÁìÓòµÄÐèÒª£¬¿Í¹ÛÉÏÒ²¶ÔÖйúÖ½±ÒÏò¸ü¸ß¡¢¸üеÄˮƽ·¢Õ¹Ìá³öÁËÒªÇó¡£ÖÂʹÇåÕþ¸®²ÉÄÉÁË»§²¿µÄ×àÒ飬¾ö¶¨ÉèÁ¢»§²¿Ó¡Ë¢¾Ö¡£
1907Ä꣬ÇåÕþ¸®Åú×¼ÁË»§²¿µÄ×àÒ飬»§²¿¼´×ÅÊÖ»§²¿Ó¡Ë¢¾ÖµÄ³ï½¨¹¤×÷¡£¼ø춵±Ê±ÊÀ½çÉϵÄÓ¡³®Òµ£¬ÒÔÃÀ¹ú³®Æ±¹«Ë¾Ëù²ÉÓõĸְæµñ¿Ì°¼Ó¡¼¼Êõ´¦ì¶ÁìÏȵØ룬¹ÊÇåÕþ¸®ÓÖÅÉÔ±¸°ÃÀ¹ú¿¼²ì£¬È·¶¨ÒÔÃÀ¹úÃÀ¾©¹úÁ¢Ó¡Ë¢¾ÖµÄ¹æÄ£ºÍˮƽ£¬½¨ÉèÖйúµÄ¹Ù·½Ó¡Ë¢¾Ö¡£
µ±Ê±µÄµñ¿Ì°¼°æ¼¼ÊõÓÐÁ½ÖÖ£¬Ò»ÖÖÊÇÍ°¼°æ¼¼Êõ£¬Ò»ÖÖÊǸְ¼°æ¼¼Êõ¡£Á½ÕßÏà±È£¬¸Ö°¼°æµÄÖʵؼáʵ¡¢°æÎÆϸÃÜ¡¢²ã´Î·ÖÃ÷¡¢Ó¡°æÄÍÓ¡£¬Ó¡³öµÄ²úÆ·ÏßÌõÇåÎú¡¢Ä«²ãºñʵ£¬¶ÔÈËÍ·ÏñºÍ·ç¾°»µÄ±íÏÖÁ¦ÓÐ×ÅÓÈΪ¶ÀÌصÄЧ¹û¡£¶øÇÒ²»Ò×·ÂÔ죬¾ßÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄ·Àα¹¦ÄÜ¡£
Ó¡Ë¢¾ÖÑ¡Ö·ÔÚ±±¾©ÐûÎäÃÅÍâ°×Ö½·»£¬Õ¼µØ¶þÊ®ËÄÍò¶àƽ·½Ã×£¬ì¶1908Äê6ÔÂ1ÈÕ¶¯¹¤Ð˽¨¡£ÓÉÃÀ¹úÃ×À±¼¹«Ë¾Éè¼Æ¡¢»æͼ£¬ÈÕÉÌ»ªÊ¤¹«Ë¾³Ð½¨£¬ÃÀ¹úÀÏÆì²ýÑóÐиºÔð»úÆ÷É豸µÄ²É ¹ºÓë°² ×°£¬ºÄ×Ê°×ÒøÒ»°ÙһʮÍòÁ½¡£Óë´Ëͬʱ£¬»¹×ÅÊÖ½¨Á¢×éÖ¯»ú¹¹¡£ì¶×Ü°ì¡¢°ï°ì֮ϣ¬ÉèÊÂÎñ¡¢¹¤Îñ¶þËù¡£¹¤ÎñËùϵÉú²ú¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅ£¬ÏÂÉèÖÆ°æ¡¢ÖÆÉ«(ÖÆÓÍÄ«)¡¢Ó¡Ë¢¡¢Íê³É¡¢»úÆ÷Îå¿Æ¡£³ýÓ¡Ë¢³®Æ±Í⣬ÇåÕþ¸®»¹½«ÓÊ´«²¿µÄÓÊƱӡˢ»®¹é¸ÃÓ¡Ë¢¾ÖÓ¡ÖÆ¡£
ΪÕÆÎÕ¸Ö°¼°æµñ¿Ì¼¼Êõ£¬ÇåÕþ¸®²»Ï§Öؽ𣬴ÓÃÀ¹úƸÇëÁ˵ñ¿Ìʦº£È¤µÈÎåλÃÀ¹ú¼¼Ê¦µ½Ó¡Ë¢¾Ö¹¤×÷£¬²¢´«ÊÚ¸Ö°¼°æµñ¿ÌÖÆ°æ¼¼Êõ¡£¶ÈÖ§²¿Ó¡Ë¢¾ÖµÄ½¨Á¢ºÍº£È¤µÈÃÀ¹ú¼¼Ê¦µÄµ½À´£¬¿ª´´ÁËÖйúÓ¡³®¼¼ÊõÊ·ÉϵÄÐÂʱ´ú¡£
¶ÈÖ§²¿Ó¡Ë¢¾ÖÔڳｨ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬±ß½¨³§·¿£¬±ßÕÐƸÈËÔ±½øÐм¼ÊõÅàѵ¡£ÌرðÖµµÃÒ»ÌáµÄÊÇ´ÓÌì½ò¹Ù±¨¾ÖÕÐÊÕÀ´µÄÔøÏòÈÕ±¾ÈËѧϰ¹ýµñ¿ÌÍ°¼°æ¼¼ÊõµÄ±Ï³½Äê¡¢À¡¢ÑÖÎý÷ë¡¢Îâ½õÌĵÈÈË £¬¾¹ýÒ»¶Îʱ¼äµÄѧϰ£¬È«²¿ÕÆÎÕÁ˸ְ¼°æµñ¿Ì¼¼Êõ£¬³ÉΪÖйúµÚÒ»´úµñ¿Ì¸Ö°¼°æ¼¼ÊõÈËÔ± £¬Îªµ±Ê±Ó¡Ë¢½çËùÖõÄ¿£¬ÎªÖйúµñ¿Ì¸Ö°¼°æ¼¼ÊõµÄ½øÒ»²½·¢Õ¹µì¶¨Á˼áʵµÄ»ù´¡¡£
Ó¡Ë¢¾ÖµÄÖÆ°æÓ¡Ë¢É豸£¬ÊÇ°´ÃÀ¹úÓ¡³®¹«Ë¾µÄ¹æÄ£ºÍˮƽÅäÖõģ¬´¦ì¶µ±Ê±ÊÀ½çÉϵÄÏȽøË® ƽ¡£Ö÷ÒªÓдÓÃÀ¹ú¹º½øµÄÍòÄܵñ¿Ì»ú¡¢¸Ö°æ¹ý°æ»úºÍÊÖ°â°¼Ó¡»ú £¬ÒÔ¼°Ê¯Ó¡»ú¡¢Ç¦Ó¡»ú¡¢Ô²ÅÌ»ú¡¢Ó¡Âë»ú¡¢ÕÕÏà»úµÈÖÆ°æÓ¡Ë¢É豸ºÍ·¢µç»úµÈÏàÓ¦µÄ¶¯Á¦É豸¡£ÆäÉ豸֮ÆëÈ«£¬¼¼ÊõÖ®ÏȽø£¬¿°³Æ¹úÄÚ½öÓУ¬ÊÀ½çÒ»Á÷¡£µ½1914Ä꣬ӡˢ¾ÖÈ«²¿½¨³É ¡£ÊÇÎâ½õÌĵñ¿ÌµÄÓ¡Ë¢¾ÖÈ«¾°Í¼¡£ÇåÕþ¸®Îª³ï½¨¶ÈÖ§²¿Ó¡Ë¢¾Ö²»Ï§¾Þ×Ê£¬ÕâÒ»¾Ù´ëÎÞÒÉÊǶÔÖйúÓ¡Ë¢Òµ½çµÄÒ»´ó¹±Ïס£
µñ¿Ì¸Ö°¼°æ¼¼ÊõÊÇÒ»Ï»æ»ÒÕÊõ¡¢µñ¿ÌÒÕÊõºÍ¼¼·¨ì¶Ò»ÉíµÄ¡¢ÄѶȷdz£´óµÄ¼¼ÒÕ¡£ÒªÇóµñ¿Ìʦ±ØÐëÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ»æ»»ù´¡£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ×Ô¼ºµÄÒÕÊõÁé¸Ð£¬²ÅÄܽ«Ò»ÕÅÔ¸å(»¸å»òÕÕƬ)·´¿ÌÔÚÌØÊâµÄ¸Ö°æÉÏ¡£Ã»ÓжàÄêµÄÄ¥Á·ºÍÉîºñµÄËØÑø£¬ÊÇÄÑÒÔ´ïµ½Ô¤ÏëµÄÒÕÊõЧ¹ûµÄ¡£Ò»°ã˵À´£¬Ò»¿éÓÅÐãµÄµñ¿Ì°¼°æ£¬ÊÇÎÞ·¨·ÂÖƵġ£²»½ö±ðÈËÄÑÒÔ·ÂÔ죬¾ÍÊǵñ¿ÌÕß±¾ÈËÒ²ÄÑÒÔµñ¿Ì³öһģһÑù¡¢ÎÆË¿²»²îµÄͬһ¿é¸Ö°æÀ´¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇÈËÍ·ÏñµÄµñ¿Ì£¬²»½öÒªÇóÁ¢Ìå¸ÐÇ¿¡¢²ã´Î·ÖÃ÷¡¢ ÏßÌõÇåÎú(°üÀ¨Í··¢ºÍÁ³Ïß)£¬¶øÇÒÊÇÖ±½ÓÔÚ¸Ö°æÉÏϵ¶£¬ÉÔÓв»É÷£¬Ôò»áÇ°¹¦¾¡Æú¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Ò»¿éºÃµÄ¸Ö°¼°æÈËÍ·ÏñµÄµñ¿Ì£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÒ»¸öÒÕÊõÔÙ´´ÔìµÄ¹ý³Ì£¬ÐèÒª°ëÄêÖ®¾ÃµÄ¾«µñϸ¿Ì·½ÄÜÍê³É¡£¸Ö°¼°æÓÃì¶Ö½±ÒÓ¡Ë¢£¬¼ÈÄܷḻƱÃæÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÖÓнÏÇ¿µÄ·ÀαÐÔÄÜ£¬ÆäËüÓ¡Ë¢·½·¨ÄÑÒÔ±ÈÄ⣬ÖÁ½ñÈÔÓкܸߵÄʵÓüÛÖµ£¬¶øÇÒ»¹ÔÚ²»¶ÏµØ·¢Õ¹ºÍÌá¸ß¡£
| ||||||||||||||
#Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚ´Ë·¢±íÄúµÄÏà¹ØÆÀÂÛ.# |